|
INVESTIGATIONS
Stone |
RI min |
RI max |
Biref
min |
Biref
max |
Dens min |
Dens max |
Colour |
Locality |
Info |
nx min |
nx max |
ny min |
ny max |
nz min |
nz max |
Spectrum |
UVS |
UVL |
Reference |
Kyanite |
1,709 |
1,729 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
3,64 |
3,64 |
blue |
Nepal |
1.71ct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.geminterest.com 2003 |
Kyanite |
1,709 |
1,729 |
0,016 |
0,019 |
3,65 |
3,68 |
blue |
Nepal |
biaxial positive, 2.87 to 12.26 ct |
1,709 |
1,712 |
1,716 |
1,719 |
1,726 |
1,729 |
|
|
|
Gemmologie, Zeitschrift der Deutschen
Gemmologischen Gesellschaft 2012 Dez, p91-97 |
Kyanite |
1,71 |
1,728 |
0,017 |
0,017 |
3,6 |
3,6 |
|
Nepal |
biaxal POSITIVE (=rare) |
1,710 |
1,711 |
|
|
1,727 |
1,728 |
|
weak yellowish green |
very weak yellowish green |
Gems & Gemology 2002 spring p 96 |
Kyanite |
1,71 |
1,722 |
0,012 |
0,012 |
3,74 |
3,74 |
greenish blue |
Madagascar |
2.77ct, biaxial - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
lines at 440, 450 |
|
|
GIA Gem Database
33835 |
Kyanite |
1,71 |
1,73 |
0,02 |
0,02 |
3,68 |
3,68 |
intense blue |
|
8.54ct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
430 and 445 nm lines |
|
|
Gems & Gemology 2007 Fall, p248 |
Kyanite |
1,71 |
1,728 |
0,018 |
0,018 |
3,54 |
3,86 |
blue |
Pakistan |
2 stones of 0.85ct, biaxial - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Journal of Gemmology
2016 Vol 35, No. 2, p103-104 |
Kyanite |
1,71 |
1,722 |
0,012 |
0,012 |
3,78 |
3,78 |
yellowish green |
Brazil |
18.43ct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
line at 453nm |
inert |
inert |
GIA Gem Database
33849 |
Kyanite |
1,71 |
1,725 |
0,015 |
0,015 |
3,78 |
3,78 |
blue |
Switzerland |
3.85ct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
no features |
inert |
inert |
GIA Gem Database
34964 |
Kyanite |
1,71 |
1,723 |
0,013 |
0,013 |
3,81 |
3,81 |
greenish blue |
Zimbabwe |
5.05ct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
no features |
inert |
inert |
GIA Gem Database
35287 |
Kyanite |
1,711 |
1,728 |
0,016 |
0,016 |
3,68 |
3,68 |
light greenish blue, very
dark blue, nearly colourless |
Arusha region, Tanzania |
transparent to semi transparent |
1,711 |
1,712 |
|
|
1,727 |
1,728 |
680 line |
very weak chalky green |
moderate to very weak red |
Gems & Gemology 2004 winter p341 |
Kyanite |
1,711 |
1,739 |
0,018 |
0,018 |
3,69 |
3,69 |
green |
Bahia, Brazil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bands 435nm and 445nm |
|
|
Gems & Gemology 2001 winter p338 |
Kyanite |
1,711 |
1,735 |
0,017 |
0,024 |
3,67 |
3,68 |
greenish blue, light blue |
Brazil |
2.42ct, 2.46ct, 30.68ct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.geminterest.com 2003 |
Kyanite |
1,712 |
1,728 |
0,015 |
0,015 |
3,67 |
3,67 |
greyish |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Journal of Gemmology
1988 Vol 21, N°2, p83-87 |
Kyanite |
1,712 |
1,729 |
0,017 |
0,017 |
3,68 |
3,68 |
blue |
Nepal |
3.03ct |
1,712 |
1,712 |
1,721 |
1,721 |
1,729 |
1,729 |
|
inert |
inert |
ACAM lab
4400 |
Kyanite |
1,712 |
1,725 |
0,013 |
0,013 |
3,61 |
3,61 |
green |
|
imitating emerald |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://gtljaipur.info 2021 vol78, May |
Kyanite |
1,713 |
1,728 |
0,015 |
0,015 |
3,76 |
3,76 |
blue |
Nepal |
3.68ct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
no features |
inert |
inert |
GIA Gem Database 33839 |
Kyanite |
1,714 |
1,731 |
0,017 |
0,017 |
3,676 |
3,676 |
blue colour-changing (reddish) |
East Africa |
|
1,714 |
1,714 |
1,724 |
1,724 |
1,731 |
1,731 |
|
|
|
The Journal of Gemmology
1982 Vol18, N°3, p205-212 |
Kyanite |
1,714 |
1,73 |
0,013 |
0,013 |
3,75 |
3,75 |
blue |
Kenya |
4.44ct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
lines at 468, 655, 674, 697nm |
inert |
inert |
GIA Gem Database
34352 |
Kyanite |
1,714 |
1,728 |
0,014 |
0,014 |
3,69 |
3,69 |
blue |
Myanmar |
15.30ct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
lines at 440, 455nm |
inert |
inert |
GIA Gem Database
35630 |
Kyanite |
1,715 |
1,734 |
0,016 |
0,016 |
3,67 |
3,69 |
sapphire blue |
Nepal |
3.37ct to 12.2ct, high
transparency |
1,715 |
1,718 |
1,726 |
1,727 |
1,731 |
1,734 |
431nm , 444nm |
|
|
The Australian Gemmologist 2004 Vol 22, N°1,
p32-34 |
Kyanite |
1,715 |
1,731 |
0,016 |
0,016 |
3,68 |
3,68 |
blue |
|
2.5ct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ACAM lab |
Kyanite |
1,715 |
1,732 |
0,017 |
0,017 |
3,69 |
3,69 |
orange |
|
0.85ct |
1,715 |
1,715 |
1,724 |
1,724 |
1,732 |
1,732 |
|
inert |
dark red |
ACAM lab
2281 |
Kyanite |
1,715 |
1,732 |
0,017 |
0,017 |
3,67 |
3,67 |
green |
Odisha, India |
9.58ct, biaxe + |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
inert |
inert |
http://www.spec4gem.info/index.php 2017 |
Kyanite |
1,715 |
1,728 |
0,013 |
0,013 |
3,74 |
3,74 |
bluish green |
Brazil |
7.81ct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
lines at 445 and 457nm |
inert |
inert |
GIA Gem Database
34276 |
Kyanite-Cr |
1,716 |
1,731 |
0,015 |
0,015 |
3,69 |
3,69 |
greenish-blue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
670, 690, broad band 575nm |
very weak green |
weak to moderate red |
Gems & Gemology 2007 fall p 256 |
Kyanite |
1,716 |
1,734 |
0,018 |
0,018 |
3,7 |
3,7 |
orange |
Loliondo, Tanzania |
biaxial - |
1,716 |
1,716 |
1,727 |
1,727 |
1,734 |
1,734 |
|
inert |
inert |
http://www.geminterest.com 2008 |
Kyanite |
1,716 |
1,728 |
0,012 |
0,012 |
3,7 |
3,7 |
bluish green |
Mwami, Mashonaland West
Province, Zimbabwe |
3.55ct, biaxial + |
|
|
|
|
|
|
lines at 438, 451, 695nm |
inert |
inert |
GIA Gem Database
35283 |
Kyanite |
1,716 |
1,73 |
0,014 |
0,014 |
3,83 |
3,83 |
bluish green |
Tanzania |
15.81ct, biaxial - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
lines at 440 , 450nm |
|
|
GIA Gem Database 34993 |
Kyanite |
1,716 |
1,73 |
0,014 |
0,014 |
3,67 |
3,67 |
medium light, moderately
strong, slightly greenish blue |
Umba area, Tanzania |
0.19ct, 1.68ct, chelsea
filter: red |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 dark lines in the deep
red region with a red fluorescent line between them, cut-off at 430nm |
chalky green-white |
weak red |
The Journal of Gemmology
2014 Vol 34, No 3, p198-200 |
Kyanite |
1,718 |
1,735 |
0,016 |
0,017 |
3,69 |
3,73 |
orange |
Loliondo, Tanzania |
biaxe negative, chelsea inert |
1,718 |
1,718 |
|
|
1,734 |
1,735 |
line at 550nm, band at
460-500nm |
inert |
inert |
Gems & Gemology 2009 summer, p146-147 |
Kyanite |
1,718 |
1,732 |
0,014 |
0,014 |
3,66 |
3,69 |
oranje-bruin |
Loliondo, Tanzania |
0.30 - 0.80 ct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
line at 550nm |
|
|
Gemmologie, Zeitschrift der Deutschen
Gemmologischen Gesellschaft 2009 58/3-4/Dec, p77 |
Kyanite |
1,718 |
1,73 |
0,012 |
0,012 |
3,68 |
3,68 |
blue |
Dolpo, Karnali, Nepal |
5.78ct, biaxial - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
inert |
inert |
GIA Gem Database
34742 |
Kyanite |
1,718 |
1,732 |
0,014 |
0,014 |
3,74 |
3,74 |
greenish blue |
Brazil |
6.10ct, biaxial - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
inert |
inert |
GIA Gem Database
34274 |
Kyanite |
1,718 |
1,73 |
0,012 |
0,012 |
3,75 |
3,75 |
yellowish green |
Brazil |
8.37ct, biaxial - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
lines at 438, 451 |
inert |
inert |
GIA Gem Database
33854 |
Kyanite |
1,718 |
1,734 |
0,016 |
0,016 |
3,67 |
3,69 |
light yellow-green |
Brazil |
with orange-brown garnet
inclusions to 1mm |
1,718 |
1,718 |
1,727 |
1,727 |
1,734 |
1,734 |
|
inert |
inert |
Gems & Gemology 2002 Summer, p178-179 |
Kyanite |
1,718 |
1,732 |
0,014 |
0,014 |
3,74 |
3,74 |
blue |
Brazil |
6.10ct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
no features |
inert |
inert |
GIA Gem Database
34274 |
Kyanite |
1,719 |
1,731 |
0,012 |
0,012 |
3,7 |
3,7 |
yellowish green |
Tanzania |
cabochon, 4.84ct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
inert |
inert |
Gems & Gemology 2013
Summer, p122 |
Kyanite |
1,72 |
1,72 |
|
|
3,67 |
3,67 |
blue |
Tanzania |
1.72ct, translucent,
polycrystalline kyanite, RI indistinct reading of approximately 1.72 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Journal of Gemmology
2014 Vol 34, N°4, p 293 |
TABLES
Stone |
RI
min |
RI
max |
Biref
min |
Biref
max |
Dens
min |
Dens
max |
nx
min |
nx max |
ny
min |
ny
max |
nz
min |
nz
max |
Reference |
Kyanite |
1.708 |
1.735 |
0.013 |
0.02 |
3.55 |
3.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gemmo.eu
|
Kyanite |
1.71 |
1.739 |
0.015 |
0.019 |
3.56 |
3.68 |
1.710 |
1.716 |
|
|
1.727 |
1.739 |
Bestimmungstabellen für Edelsteine,
Birgit Günther, 2008 |
Kyanite |
1.71 |
1.734 |
0.015 |
0.02 |
3.56 |
3.69 |
1.710 |
1.718 |
1.715 |
1.725 |
1.726 |
1.734 |
http://www.geminterest.com |
Kyanite |
1.71 |
1.736 |
0.012 |
0.017 |
3.53 |
3.7 |
1.710 |
1.718 |
|
|
1.727 |
1.736 |
Gemme, Dati per l'identificazione, P. De
Stefano et al, 1993 |
Kyanite |
1.71 |
1.732 |
0.017 |
0.021 |
3.55 |
3.68 |
1.710 |
1.715 |
1.719 |
1.726 |
1.729 |
1.732 |
Gemmological Tables, Ulrich Henn,
2004 |
Kyanite |
1.71 |
1.753 |
0.017 |
0.033 |
3.53 |
3.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.gemmology.be |
Kyanite |
1.71 |
1.753 |
0.017 |
0.017 |
3.53 |
3.68 |
1.710 |
1.718 |
1.721 |
1.730 |
1.727 |
1.734 |
Joel Arem, Color
Encyclopedia of Gemstones, 1987 |
Kyanite |
1.71 |
1.734 |
0.015 |
0.017 |
3.53 |
3.68 |
1.710 |
1.718 |
1.721 |
1.723 |
1.727 |
1.734 |
Tables of
Gemstone Identification, Roger Dedeyne, Ivo Quintens, 2007 |
Kyanite-Cr |
1.711 |
1.753 |
0.018 |
0.033 |
3.56 |
3.7 |
1.711 |
1.720 |
1.719 |
1.730 |
1.729 |
1.753 |
http://www.geminterest.com |
Kyanite |
1.712 |
1.735 |
0.015 |
0.017 |
3.56 |
3.68 |
1.712 |
1.720 |
|
|
1.727 |
1.735 |
Tabellen zur Edelstein-Bestimmung,
Pschichholz FGA, 1975 |
Kyanite |
1.712 |
1.735 |
0.012 |
0.017 |
3.56 |
3.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gemology Tools Professional 2010 |
Kyanite-Cr |
1.714 |
1.753 |
0.017 |
0.033 |
3.67 |
3.7 |
1.714 |
1.720 |
1.724 |
1.730 |
1.731 |
1.753 |
Joel Arem, Color
Encyclopedia of Gemstones, 1987 |
Kyanite-Cr |
1.714 |
1.753 |
0.017 |
0.033 |
3.67 |
3.7 |
1.714 |
1.720 |
1.724 |
1.730 |
1.731 |
1.753 |
Tables of
Gemstone Identification, Roger Dedeyn, Ivo Quintens, 2007 |
Kyanite |
1.715 |
1.732 |
0.012 |
0.015 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
John Sinkakas,
Gemstone and mineral data book,1972 |
Kyanite |
1.715 |
1.732 |
0.017 |
0.017 |
3.65 |
3.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gems, R Webster,
5th edition 1994 |
CAUSE OF
COLOUR
Stone |
Colour |
Cause
of colour |
Reference |
Kyanite |
blue |
Fe²+ -O-Ti4+
charge transfer; Fe³+-O-Ti3+ charge transfer; Fe²+ and Fe³+ in octahedral
coordination; with contribution from Cr³+
in octahedral coordination |
Gems & Gemology Summer 1988 |
Kyanite |
colour change |
Cr³+
in octahedral coordination |
Gems & Gemology Summer 1988 |
Kyanite |
green |
V³+ in octahedral coordination; Fe³+ in octahedral coordination |
Gems & Gemology Summer 1988 |
Kyanite |
orange |
Mn³+ |
Gems & Gemology Summer 2009, p147 |
Kyanite |
yellow-green |
Fe³+ |
http://minerals.caltech.edu |
MINERAL
INCLUSIONS
Inclusion |
Stone |
Reference |
andalusite |
Kyanite |
The Journal of
Gemmology 1988, Vol21, N°2,p83-87 |
apatite |
Kyanite |
The Journal of
Gemmology 1988, Vol21, N°2,p83-87 |
calcite |
Kyanite |
The Journal of
Gemmology 1988, Vol21, N°2,p83-87 |
hematite |
Kyanite |
The Journal of
Gemmology 1995, 24,8, p577 |
ilmenite |
Kyanite |
The Australian Gemmologist 2004, Vol 22,
N°1, p36 |
lepidocrocite |
Kyanite |
The Journal of
Gemmology 1988, Vol21, N°2,p83-87 |
monazite |
Kyanite |
The Journal of
Gemmology 1981, Vol 17, N°6 p379 |
quartz |
Kyanite |
Gems & Gemology 2002 Summer, p179 |
rutile |
Kyanite |
www.geminterest.com |
spessartine |
Kyanite |
E.J. Gübelin and
J.I. Koivula, Photoatlas of inclusions in Gemstones, volume 2 (2005) |
staurolite |
Kyanite |
E.J. Gübelin and
J.I. Koivula, Photoatlas of inclusions in Gemstones, volume 2 (2005) |
tourmaline |
Kyanite |
Gems & Gemology 2002 Summer, p179 |
zircon |
Kyanite |
www.geminterest.com |
LOCALITIES
STONE |
LOCALITIES |
REFERENCE |
|||
Kyanite |
|
|
Bahia |
Brazil |
Gems & Gemology 2001 winter p338 |
Kyanite-Cr |
|
|
|
Madagascar |
Gems & Gemology 2007 fall, p256 |
Kyanite |
|
Serra do Menucué |
|
Mozambique |
Gems, Sixth Edition,
Michael O’Donoghue, 2006, p. 422 |
Kyaniet |
|
|
|
Nepal |
Gemmologie, Zeitschrift der Deutschen
Gemmologischen Gesellschaft 2012, Dez, p91-97 |
Kyanite |
Kilosa, 80 km
west of Morogoro |
|
|
Tanzania |
Gemmologie, 1997, Mar, p31 |
Kyanite |
|
|
Arusha region |
Tanzania |
Gems & Gemology 2004 winter p341 |
Kyanite |
Merelani Hills, Umba Valley |
Lelatema Mts |
Arusha region |
Tanzania |
Gemmologie, 1997, Mar, p31 |
Kyanite |
Umba Valley |
Lelatema Mts |
Arusha region |
Tanzania |
Gemmologie, 1997, Mar,p31 |
Kyanite |
Loliondo |
Ngorongoro district |
Arusha region |
Tanzania |
Gems & Gemology 2009 summer,
p146-147 |
Kyanite |
|
Tunduru-Songea area |
Ruvuma Region |
Tanzania |
Gemmologie, 1997, Mar,p31 |
CHEMICAL DATA
(%)
Stone |
Colour |
Locality |
Reference |
SiO2 |
Al2O3 |
TiO2 |
CaO |
K2O |
Cr2O3 |
V2O3 |
Fe2O3 |
|
Kyanite |
cat's eye |
|
East Africa |
The Journal of
Gemmology 1995, Vol 24, N°8, p 574 |
37.7 |
61.79 |
0.4 |
0.05 |
0.1 |
|
|
|
Kyanite |
greyish |
|
|
The Journal of
Gemmology 1988, Vol 21, N°2, p84 |
37.58 |
62.19 |
0.21 |
0.07 |
0.05 |
|
|
|
Kyanite |
blue |
|
Nepal |
Gemmologie zeitschrift der Deutschen
Gemmologischen Gesellschaft 2012, Dez, p94 |
34.2 |
65.03 |
0.02 |
|
|
0.03 |
0.02 |
0.13 |