|
INVESTIGATIONS
|
Stone |
RI min |
RI max |
Dens min |
Dens max |
Colour |
Location |
Info |
Spectrum |
UVS |
UVL |
Reference |
|
Synthetic spinel - flux
grown |
1,712 |
1,716 |
3,58 |
3,66 |
blue |
Russia |
chelsea: red to orangy
red |
|
stronger than UVL |
weak to moderate,
slightly chalky red to reddish purple |
Gems & Gemology 1993
summer p81-98 |
|
Synthetic spinel - flux
grown |
1,714 |
1,715 |
3,57 |
3,64 |
pinkish red, lavender,
violetish blue |
Russia |
abscence of anomalous
birefringence, pulling method |
|
intense red |
intense red |
http://www.gemresearch.ch/news/2015-09-09_SyntheticSpinel/Spinel_New_Synthetic.pdf
2015 |
|
Synthetic spinel - flux
grown |
1,716 |
1,722 |
3,58 |
3,64 |
red |
Russia |
chelsea: red to orangy
red |
no organ-pipe |
moderate to strong
slightly orangy red |
strong purplish red to
slightly orangy red |
Gems & Gemology 1993
summer p81-98 |
|
Synthetic spinel - flux
grown |
1,716 |
1,716 |
3,62 |
3,62 |
red |
|
|
Cr³+ |
|
|
Zeitschrift der Deutschen
Gemmologischen Gesellschaft 1990 Apr, p45-48 |
|
Synthetic spinel - flux
grown |
1,72 |
1,72 |
3,6 |
3,6 |
pinkish red |
|
1.53ct |
|
moderate red |
strong red |
ACAM lab 1510 |
|
Synthetic spinel -
Verneuil |
1,72 |
|
3,59 |
3,59 |
|
|
cabochon 28.21ct,
six-rayed star, spot RI |
|
strong chalky blue |
strong pinkish red |
The Journal of Gemmology
2017 Vol35, N°6, p494-496 |
|
Synthetic spinel -
Verneuil |
1,727 |
1,727 |
3,57 |
3,57 |
pink |
|
12.56ct, with large
negative crystal |
|
inert |
inert |
The Journal of Gemmology
2017 Vol 35-7, p592 |
|
Synthetic spinel -
Verneuil |
1,728 |
1,728 |
3,65 |
3,65 |
green-blue |
|
4.28ct |
cobalt (3 bands) |
bluish green |
red |
ACAM lab 2111 |
|
Synthetic spinel -
Verneuil |
1,728 |
1,728 |
3,64 |
3,64 |
pink |
|
15ct, anomalous
birefringence, coloured by iron |
|
inert |
inert |
Gems & Gemology 2007
Summer, p175 |
|
Synthetic spinel -
Verneuil |
1,728 |
1,728 |
|
|
blue |
|
9.75ct, strong anomalous
double refraction using the polariscope, Quench-Crackled |
absorption bands at 540,
580, and 635 nm |
strong bluish white |
strong red |
Gems & Gemology 2016
Spring, p 76 |
|
Synthetic spinel -
Verneuil |
1,729 |
1,729 |
3,65 |
3,65 |
green |
|
|
|
strong white-green |
inert |
ACAM lab 1955 |
|
Synthetic spinel -
Verneuil |
1,735 |
1,735 |
3,65 |
3,65 |
light blue |
|
5.67ct |
|
bluish green |
inert |
ACAM lab 2109 |
TABLES
|
Stone |
RI
min |
RI
max |
Dens
min |
Dens
max |
Reference |
|
Synthetic spinel - flux grown |
1.7 |
1.735 |
3.57 |
3.7 |
Gemology Tools Professional 2010 |
|
Synthetic spinel -sintered |
1.711 |
1.725 |
3.52 |
3.54 |
Tables of
Gemstone Identification, Roger Dedeyne, Ivo Quintens, 2007 |
|
Synthetic spinel - flux grown |
1.713 |
1.72 |
3.59 |
3.63 |
Gemme, Dati per l'identificazione, P. De
Stefano et al, 1993 |
|
Synthetic spinel - flux grown |
1.715 |
1.715 |
3.63 |
3.63 |
http://www.gemmology.be |
|
Synthetic spinel - flux grown |
1.715 |
1.722 |
3.54 |
3.65 |
http://www.geminterest.com |
|
Synthetic spinel - flux grown |
1.715 |
1.735 |
3.58 |
3.63 |
Tables of
Gemstone Identification, Roger Dedeyne, Ivo Quintens, 2007 |
|
Synthetic spinel - flux grown |
1.716 |
1.719 |
3.58 |
3.62 |
Gemmological Tables, Ulrich Henn,
2004 |
|
Synthetic spinel - flux grown |
1.716 |
1.719 |
3.6 |
3.6 |
Bestimmungstabellen für Edelsteine,
Birgit Günther, 2008 |
|
Red Synthetic spinel - Verneuil |
1.72 |
1.722 |
3.6 |
3.66 |
http://www.gemmology.be |
|
Synthetic spinel - Verneuil |
1.72 |
1.74 |
3.59 |
3.78 |
Gemme, Dati per l'identificazione, P. De
Stefano et al, 1993 |
|
Synthetic spinel - Verneuil |
1.72 |
1.74 |
3.58 |
3.8 |
Gemmological Tables, Ulrich Henn,
2004 |
|
Synthetic spinel - Verneuil |
1.72 |
1.73 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
http://www.geminterest.com |
|
Synthetic spinel - Verneuil |
1.72 |
1.74 |
3.61 |
3.78 |
Bestimmungstabellen für Edelsteine,
Birgit Günther, 2008 |
|
Synthetic spinel - Verneuil |
1.72 |
1.74 |
3.52 |
3.66 |
Gemology Tools Professional 2010 |
|
blue
Synthetic spinel Verneuil |
1.723 |
1.729 |
3.63 |
3.67 |
http://www.gemmology.be |
|
Synthetic spinel - Verneuil |
1.723 |
1.73 |
3.6 |
3.67 |
Tables of
Gemstone Identification, Roger Dedeyne, Ivo Quintens, 2007 |
|
Synthetic spinel - Verneuil |
1.723 |
1.73 |
3.61 |
3.67 |
Gemmo.eu 2013 |
|
Synthetic spinel -sintered |
1.725 |
1.725 |
3.52 |
3.52 |
Gemme, Dati per l'identificazione, P. De
Stefano et al, 1993 |
|
yellow, pink, green Synthetic spinel
Verneuil |
1.728 |
1.728 |
3.64 |
3.64 |
http://www.gemmology.be |
CAUSE OF
COLOUR
|
Stone |
Colour |
Cause
of colour |
Reference |
|
synthetic spinel |
green |
Cr³+ in octahedral coordination |
Gems & Gemology Summer 1988 |
CHEMICAL DATA
(%)
|
Stone |
Colour |
Locality |
Reference |
SiO2 |
Al2O3 |
MnO |
MgO |
TiO2 |
Fe2O3 |
K2O |
H2O |
NiO |
Ga2O3 |
CoO |
|
|
Synthetic spinel - flux grown |
purplish red |
|
Russia |
Gems & Gemology 1993 Summer p95 |
|
70.64 |
|
27.7 |
|
0.47 |
0.05 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
|
|
|
Synthetic spinel - flux grown |
purplish red |
|
Russia |
Gems & Gemology 1993 Summer p95 |
|
70.31 |
0.02 |
27.38 |
0.05 |
0.49 |
0.04 |
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
Synthetic spinel - flux grown |
purplish red |
|
Russia |
Gems & Gemology 1993 Summer p95 |
|
71.07 |
|
27.59 |
0.04 |
0.34 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
|
|
|
|
Synthetic spinel - Verneuil |
blue |
|
|
Gems & Gemology 1984 Spring p41 |
|
89.2 |
|
10.71 |
|
0.03 |
|
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
Synthetic spinel - flux grown |
blue |
|
|
Gems & Gemology 1984 Spring p41 |
|
73.02 |
|
26.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.18 |
|
Synthetic spinel - Verneuil |
blue (star) |
|
|
The Journal of Gemmology
2017, 35(6), p502 |
1.43 |
89.49 |
|
9.03 |
|
0.02 |
|
|
|
0.01 |
|